Managment system shaping good quality and safety of raw materials processing plant in Poland

Abstract

Производителям растительного сырья приходится иметь дело с постоянно растущими требованиями, которые касаются качества, безопасности продукции и технологического процесса. Из-за ряда рисков безопасность пищевых продуктов может быть под угрозой на любой стадии производства, поэтому соответствующий контроль за всем процессом необходим от начального этапа производства продукции, которым является производство сырья. Сырье и материалы, которые предназначены для обработки, обязаны иметь высокое качество, они должны быть проверены на предмет их безопасности для того, чтобы быть свободным от биологических, химических и физических опасностей. В современных правовых нормах основная ответственность за безопасность пищевых продуктов лежит на предприятиях пищевой промышленности. Это стало возможным благодаря системе управления качеством растительного сырья в производственной фазе. Эти системы включают, среди прочего: Good Agricultural Practice (надлежащую сельскохозяйственную практику), code of the Good Hygienic Practice (надлежащую гигиеническую практику), комплексное производство или GLOBALGAB системы. Они, в основном, определяют минимальные стандарты, чтобы получить продукцию высокого качества. Producers of plant raw materials have to deal with constantly growing requirements, which concern a quality, a safety of product and production systems. Because the hazard of food safety can occur at any stage of the food chain, therefore, an appropriate supervising of all area is necessary, from a primary production that is a production of raw materials [Gebczynski, Slupski 2012]. Raw materials, which are destined for a processing can have a high quality and they must be checked for their safety in order to be free from biological, chemical and physical hazards. In current legal regulations, the main responsibility for the food safety is placed on food sector enterprises. An assurance of the quality and food safety is a complex problem because of many factors, which determine these attributes. In the plant production, a main risk comes from pesticides, heavy metals, residues of fertilizers or harmful microorganisms [Gebczynski, Slupski 2012].. In order to limit these hazards and their disadvantageous impact of food, it tends to the obligatory introduction of safety production rules. Even the Codex Alimantarius from 1969 talks about the primary production. According to this code, it should be carried out in a way, which ensures an obtaining of the safety food. The Codex indicates that it can be obtained by: avoiding the use of areas, where an environment creates a risk for the food safety, a control of contamination, pests, animal and plant diseases in a way, which is not dangerous for the food safety. Simultaneously, the Codex Alimantarius defines requirements areas, which are responsible for the safety of primary production, i.e.: environmental hygiene, hygienic production of raw materials, appropriate procedure, storage and transport of a raw material and hygiene of personnel and means of production. You can find the expansion of requirements of this code in others more specific systems. These systems include: the Good Agricultural Practice, code of the Good Hygienic Practice, the Integrated Production or GLOBALGAB systems. They mainly define minimum standards to get primary products of a high quality [Wierzbicka 2007].